Procedures for preparation of highintensity discharge hid lamps for the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tclp are presented. Gas discharge lamp simple english wikipedia, the free. Investigation of rarefied gas flow in microchannels of nonuniform cross section. Different type of lamps for luminous electrical notes. Lamp anatomy how they produce colors how they produce white light fixture anatomy part 2. The advantages and disadvantages of high intensity discharge lamps. High intensity discharge ballasts 52 philips advance hid ballasts are available to operate the wide variety of metal halide, high pressure sodium and low pressure sodium lamps available in todays marketplace. In discharge lamps, light is generated by a gas dis charge of particles. After this computer simulation you should be able to 1 explain how discharge lamps function, 2 discuss the emission of photons from these lamps in terms of an atomic model, like the bohr model, 3 compare and contrast the emission of photons from different lamps. Gas discharge lamps are used in virtually all areas of modern lighting technology including common fluorescent lighting for home and office and lcd backlights for laptop computers, high intensity discharge lamps for very efficient area lighting, neon and other miniature indicator lamps, germicidal and tanning lamps, neon signs, photographic. What are some of the main uses for discharge lamps. Usually in every discharge lamp an inert gas or mixture of inert gases is added to the metal.
By the early 20th century, the decorative lamp had evolved into massproduced aerolux bulbs, gas discharge lamps with decorative brass electrodes which could be driven with common ac line power. Modern highpressure discharge lamps are forced to provide instant light and. Because of their dominance in the market place, and production of white light, the major part of. Light sources incandescent lamp discharge lamp florescent lamp sodium lamp high pressure mercury vapour lamp 3. What is the approximate wavelength of light emitted by each of the materials. Most lamps are filled with additional materials, like mercury, sodium, andor metal halides.
Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas. These procedures are intended to supplement the tclp by supplying specific instructions for size reduction and for other critical procedures specific to the testing of hid lamps. A street lighting luminaire having an improved structural configuration comprising in combination. Quartz and ceramic arc tube differences midwattage. Xenon gas discharge bulbs xenon bulbs produce light when an electric arc is ignited between two electrodes and subsequently passes through xenon gas. Aerolux lamps are usually filled with neon or argon, and often contain phosphorcoated elements to produce a multicolor display. Some drivers have great results in using the hid headlights, whereas others find disadvantages to using them. Like fluorescent, hid lamps are gas discharge lamps. Gas discharge lamps offer long life and high efficiency, but are more complicated to manufacture, and they require auxiliary electronic equipment such as ballasts to control current flow through the gas. Explain the basic structure of an atom and relate it to the color of light produced by discharge lamps.
The list could really go on and on, from printers to air. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and. Some bits of discharge lamp theory and other technical information. Request pdf experimental and theoretical investigations on the. The broad spectrum makes the osram hbo 103w2 ideal for microscopy and fluorescent microscopy applications. Dual metal halide lamps give a white light and have high colour rendering ability. This type of lamp involves an internal electrical discharge being created between two electrodes in a gas filled chamber. Such capacitors have been chosen to resonate at the operating frequency of the primary power source and, thus, to achieve increased voltage for lamp. Highintensity discharge hid lamps are similar to fluorescents in that an arc is generated between two electrodes. The colour temperature emitted is comparable to daylight. Plasma discharge euv light sources in which a gas is locally compressed. Chapter low pressure discharge lamps slide 7 incoherent light sources prof.
How gas discharging lamps work cold cathode ccfl and hot. Understanding the characteristics of fluorescent and hid lamps makes it easier to recognize problems and simplifies corrective maintenance. This chapter provides an overview of the current technology in lowpressure discharge lamps. Following a brief history, gas lasers are classified by typesneutral atom, ion, and molecularand a comparison is given of the properties of the various types. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. A discharge lamp consists essentially of a tube of glass, quartz or other suitable material, containing a gas and, in most cases, a metal vapour. The color of light we observe from a discharge lamp is a combination of all of the individual emission lines. Neon gas discharge gives a characteristic red light. In the new lamps gas is ionized and free electrons smash into the additives like metal halide giving off photons with the same or better quality white light. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton and xenon or a mixture of these gases.
Neon gas glows redorange, while mercury and argon glow blue and helium glows yellow. Gas discharge tubes the vintage technology association. A cylindrical lamp has a 10cm interelectrode distance and a 1. Investigations on the replacement of mercury in highpressure. Below are hid sources, listed in increasing order of efficacy lumens per watt. The basic principle of a gaseous discharge lamp is illustrated in fig. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which together. Gas discharge lamps can produce a wide range of colors.
Fluorescent lamps are a special class of gas discharge lamps where the electric current produces mostly invisible uv light which is turned into visible light by a special phosphor coating on the interior of the tube. Show full abstract merger and splitting as well as splashing are included. American national standard for electric lampsprocedures for. Gas lighting for streets gave way to lowpressure sodium and highpressure mercury lighting in the 1930s and the development of the electric lighting at the turn of the 19th century replaced gas lighting in homes. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton, and xenon or a mixture of these gases. The arc in an hid source is shorter, yet it generates much more light, heat, and pressure within the arc tube. Most vehicles contain highintensity discharge hid lamps. Please be aware that only a few interesting andor widely requested bits of information will appear here. This glow discharge is created by a 2500 volt pulse. The discharge produces the unstable xenon molecule xe 2, a socalled excimer, which emits uv light while dissociating. Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps h01t.
Sodium vapor lamps are commonplace as streetlights. Gas discharge lamps have a long life and a high efficiency, but they are more complicated to manufacture, which makes them. According to wikipedia, high intensity discharge hid lighting is a type of electrical gas discharge lamp that produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. This document, concerning test procedures for highintensity. Lowpressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical light sources, but their yellow light restricts applications to outdoor lighting, such as street lamps, where they are widely used. It was realized that a heated gas emits a unique combination of colors, called emission spectrum, depending on its composition.
Media in category sodium vapor discharge lamps the following 107 files are in this category, out of 107 total. Characterization of a helium gas discharge lamp christian stieger semesterthesis september 14, 2012 abstract the goal of this experiment was to characterize a helium gas discharge lamp by means of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy on a tungsten sample. Order up to 8pm with free next day delivery when you spend over. Some include additional substances, like mercury, sodium, and metal halides, which are vaporized during startup to become part of the gas mixture. Us54987a discharge lamp lighting circuit for increasing.
Paper presents studies on surface modification of pet by gas discharge lamp s. A discharge lamp lighting apparatus includes a voltage raising element for raising a dc input voltage, a pulse generator for varying the output voltage output by the voltage raising element is a pulse voltage having a given pulse width and outputting the pulse voltage, a bridge circuit for applying the pulse voltage to a discharge lamp, a voltage detecting element for detecting a voltage. Provide a basic design for a discharge lamp and explain the function of the different components. Part ii deals with high pressure mercury vapour discharge lamps. Unfortunately, thats a common attitude of those holding the corporate purse strings. Explain why discharge lamps emit only certain colors. Xe arc lamp is a specialized type of gas discharge lamp that produces light by passing electricity through ionized xenon gas at high pressure.
The character of the gas discharge critically depends on the frequency or modulation of the current. Some bits of discharge lamp theory and other technical. This document, concerning test procedures for highintensity discharge lamps, is a rulemaking action issued by the department of energy. Tubular clear lamps are more commonly used in floodlighting applications, where. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. This book brings together an extraordinary amount of data on all the major types of electric discharge lamps which are now in commercial use. Gas discharge lamps are described in the list of optional extras, mostly as xenonheadlights. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. High intensity discharge lighting technology workshop report. This technology is significantly more energy efficient than the incandescent or the halogen bulb. Workshop report november 15, 2005 washington, dc prepared for. Discharge lamps generate electromagnetic radiation by means of an electric current passing through a gas or metal vapor. Request pdf investigations on the replacement of mercury in highpressure. A fluorescent lamp is a lowpressure gas discharge light source, in which light is.
Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps. Gas discharge lamps emit light when electric light is passed through the gas. In this way the spectrum of tungsten was measured for two di erent photon energies. After starting, the lamp runs up to the stable operating conditions, leading to a. Xenon gas discharge lamp references in periodicals archive. Advantage and drawbacks of hid headlights audiomotive. Types of highintensity discharge lamps mercury vapor lamps mercury vapor lamps are widely used to light both indoor and outdoor areas such as gymnasiums, factories, department stores, banks, highways, parks, and sports. The current worldwide trend of replacing gas discharge lamps with solid state lighting, such as leds, will affect the radiance and spectrum of urban skyglow, he said. The metal halide lamp requires a warmup period of as long as five minutes depending on the lamp type. Gas discharge lamp article about gas discharge lamp by the. Ignitors create a glow discharge in the lamp by providing a voltage high enough to ionize the gas. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an. Once the lamp is started, the ignitor stops pulsating automatically. Design a discharge lamp to emit any desired spectrum of colors.
Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources or lamps. The new gas discharge lamps use a glassquartz bulb filled with a nobel gas and other additives, they had longer life and more efficient than the carbon arc lamp. Which lamp emits yellow light and is used in street lamps. Because mh lamps are a point source and their light can be focused, lowwattage mh lamps can be used where compact fluorescent lamps are not practical, such as retail and downlights in ceilings above 15 feet. Excited atoms emit light through fluorescence fluorescence is part of quantum physics discharge lamps 14 quantum physics of atoms in an atom. A mercury vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that produces.
Material color wavelength h purple 2 hg green 9 na yellow and red 6 ne none none 3. Some lamps produce ultraviolet radiation which is converted to visible light by a fluorescent coating on the inside of the lamp s glass surface. In gas discharge lamps, light is generated primarily by an electrically excited plasma. Harmonic distortions of the ac waveform for a hg hid lamp.
Such rare gas fills require new phosphors and affect the electrode behavior 2, 3. The characteristics of a lamp operating on a lowpressure 0. Electronic ballasts combine ignition component, com pensation. This combining of colors is the opposite of what occurs in a spectroscope.
Gases are normally poor conductors, especially at atmospheric and higher pressures, but application. Of course theres more to lighting maintenance than lamp replacement, particularly with discharge lamp systems. While it warms up, the lamp exhibits different colors as the various metal halides vaporize in the arc chamber. A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light. The discharge lamp luminaire of claim wherein the discharge lamp is a high intensity arc discharge lamp selected from the group consisting of sodium vapor lamps, mercury vapor lamps and metal halide lamps.
Fluorescent lamp and working principle of fluorescent lamp. Pure zincargon discharges as well as lamps including zinc or mercury and. Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. Light is produced by an arc discharge between two electrodes located at. Gases are normally poor conductors, especially at atmospheric and higher pressures, but application of suitable voltage, called the ignition voltage, across the two electrodes can result in a discharge through the gas, which is. Discharge lamps and artificial light herschels discovery of emission spectra from heated gas was studied extensively in the 1800s. The fluorescent lamp is probably the best known gas discharge lamp.
Incandescent and halogen applications offer the greatest savings. Waymouth remarks that well over half the total amount of light produced in this country, and perhaps the world, is produced by electric discharge lamps. Material electronic configuration h 1s 1 hg na 3s 1 ne 2s 2 2p 6 2. The fluorescent lamp is perhaps the best known gas discharge lamp. These lamps produce light by sending electricity through an ionized gas.
A method for operating a gas discharge lamp, in which the shape of at least one electrode of the gas discharge lamp is changed, wherein in this process by changing the lamp current for a predeterminable duration, at least one current pulse is generated such that structures which have grown on the at least one electrode are at least partially removed, the current pulse being generated for the. The difference between cold cathode lamps and fluorescent lamps is that the filament cathode in the fluorescent lamp is hot. It was the carbon arc discharge lamp, and since then the electric discharge has been intensely researched and developed for one fundamental reason that it creates light from electricity more efficiently than any other kind of artificial light source. Ansi code american national standards institute ansi code that indicates the electrical operating designation of the lamp, which must match that of the ballast. Although the gas discharge tube for purposes of advertisement and illumination is a. The gas performs several key functions in lamp operation. Gasdischarge lamp definition of gasdischarge lamp by the. Experimental and theoretical investigations on the warmup of a.
Gas discharge lamps can be classified by the pressure of the gas. Definition of a plasma mixture of electrons, ions and neutral particles in different excited states and with strong. Pages in category gas discharge lamps the following 43 pages are in this category, out of 43 total. Electronic operation and control of highintensity gas discharge lamps. Company details wood auto supplies ltd cromwell works colne road huddersfield hd1 3es united kingdom tel. Neon orange hydrogen red helium yellow carbon dioxide white mercury blue neon glow lamp. Osram hbo 103w2 mercury shortarc discharge lamp intense point light source that provides a broad spectrum through the visible and ultraviolet range. Neon lamps are gas discharge lamps that contain neon gas at a low pressure, enveloped in a glass capsule. Oct 11, 1977 lamp ballast circuits of the prior art have incorporated capacitors connected in parallel with the discharge lamp to resonate an inductive ballast and provide high open circuit starting voltage. Ultraviolet uv radiation occupies the portion of electromagnetic spectrum from 100 to 400. A deuterium arc lamp or simply deuterium lamp is a lowpressure gas discharge light source often used in spectroscopy when a continuous spectrum in the ultraviolet region is needed plasma arc or discharge lamps using hydrogen are notable for their high output in the ultraviolet, with comparatively little output in the visible and infrared. Gasdischarge lamp article about gasdischarge lamp by the.
If the energy of the photons span the entire visible region the color will appear white. How gas discharging lamps work cold cathode ccfl and hot cathodes. Company confidential gas discharge lamp basics 3 low pressure fluorescent lamp current flows through plasma between electrodes must be ac or mercury migrates to one end plasma emits mostly uv radiation uv excites coating to fluoresce and produce visible light heated electrodes improve lamp life and lower strike voltage argon and mercury vapor. A sodiumvapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm two varieties of such lamps exist. An electric current in the gas energizes mercury vapor which delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge process and the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible light. Most of these lamps use a noble gas, or a combination of noble gases, but they often contain other materials, such as mercury, sodium or metal halides. The arc produces a discharge which cause phosphors in the lamp to fluoresce. The passage of an electric current through this gas vapour produces light or ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is discrete, as opposed to the continuous radiation emitted by an incandescent filament. A vuvuv gasdischarge lamp on a lowpressure mixture of.
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